1. Leadership and Transformation 2. Reflective Journal Assignment

1. Initiative and Transformation 2. Intelligent Journal - Assignment Example My change has altogether been affected by this unit. I have understood that a pioneer ought to be somebody who goes about as a good example to different colleagues. In this manner, my center has been to concocted viable techniques that envelop the commitment of all the colleagues. Along these lines, I have displayed them so that once they accomplish a place of turning into a pioneer they will likewise make a solid group (Hemphill, 1949). In view of my target of making a solid cooperation, my correspondence with colleagues consistently been open. This suggests I furnish my colleagues with chances to give criticism. Along these lines, I have been changed from blabbering to a decent audience (Schultz, et al. 2010). Along these lines, different individuals from the group can remark and conceivably give a thought on the best way to address a specific issue either influencing the whole group or an individual part (Robert, 2002). As showed in this unit, a decent pioneer ought to perceive an d compensate dedicated colleagues who accomplish their objectives. Exclusively, I have been changed as in I can set my own objective just as those of the other colleagues (House, 1971). I advance and prize any part who accomplishes their objectives while the individuals who don't perform I train them on the most proficient method to embrace their obligations. As a pioneer, the transformational experience will impact me as a pioneer and a supervisor in different manners. Initially, my administration system will presently be popularity based. Along these lines, I will be in a situation to furnish my colleagues with plentiful ground whereby they will be an integral part of the association (Montana and Bruce, 2008). Another viewpoint that I will imitate as a chief is to furnish the colleagues with a chance to create (Lussier and Achua, 2010). Aside from permitting them to go to low maintenance authority courses, I will start an in

Occupational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Word related Performance - Essay Example It additionally attempts to clarify why the hindrance could cause troubles and the ramifications for the people of these challenges and discovers manners by which these challenges may be decreased or survived. Word related execution can be characterized as the capacity of an individual to perform errands to complete her/his word related jobs in a delightful way. The significance of breaking down practical execution is of vital significance to word related treatment. The appraisal of a person's/gathering or populaces' degree of working is significant in arranging a word related treatment for a person. Word related specialists consider the numerous kinds of occupations people may connect with, sort them into classes called 'zones of occupation' How about we take a gander at the different presentation jobs first: Occupational execution jobs are examples of conduct in various types of occupation in ones day by day life for example self-upkeep, profitability, recreation and rest. The jobs are dictated by person's physical, mental and otherworldly conditions and her/his relationship with outer condition. Biomechanical parts allude to the activity and communication of and between physical structures of the body during task execution. This can incorporate scope of movement, muscle quality, handle, solid and cardiovascular perseverance, flow, disposal of body squander. From the point of view of the assignment or sub-task, this segment alludes to the biomechanical qualities of the undertaking; for instance, size, weight, measurement and area of items. Tangible Motor Performance Component alludes to the activity and association of and between tactile info and engine reactions of the body during task execution. Intellectual Performance Component: alludes to the activity and cooperation of and between mental procedures utilized during task execution. Intrapersonal Performance Component: alludes to the activity and communication of and between inside mental procedures utilized during task execution. Relational Performance Component alludes to the proceeding and changing communication between an individual and others during task execution that adds to the improvement of the person as a member in the public eye. Components of Occupational Performance are the body, brain and soul. The Occupational Performance Model (Australia) recognizes that together these center components of human presence structure the human body, the human cerebrum, the human brain, the human cognizance of self and the human familiarity with the universe (Popper, 1981) Body Element: The unmistakable physical segments of human structure comprises the body component. Brain Element: the fundamental scholarly segment of an individual is known as the Mind component Soul Element: is characterized freely as that part of people which looks for a feeling of concordance inside self and between self, nature, others and now and again an extreme other; looks for a current riddle to life; internal conviction; expectation and meaning.As expressed before the zones on which word related exhibitions are watched are Self-upkeep, profitability, relaxation and rest. Self-Maintenance Occupations are ordinary assignments and sub-errands done by an

Tips For Choosing A Freelance Article Writer Service

Tips For Choosing A Freelance Article Writer ServiceIf you are thinking about hiring an article writer to write articles for you, there are a few things that you should consider before you make your final decision. The article writer will provide a unique service and as such, there are a few tips that you can use to ensure that you get the best article writer for your needs.First, ask around. There is nothing wrong with asking for recommendations, as it will give you an idea of what other writers have provided for other people. This is a great way to find out which article writers are the best at what they do, as you will have a choice of only the best.Secondly, consider how the article writer service works. There are some services that offer to write on very tight deadlines, others that offer more of a freelance approach, and others still that offer a mix of both. It is also important to consider how the writers will use the resources provided to get the article written - will they use them or will they send them back?Lastly, consider the reputation of the article writer service you choose. They should be willing to take responsibility for any mistakes made and should stand behind their work. In addition, be wary of any service that may charge for revisions - it is possible that you could end up spending more than you expected to with those services.The service should also be willing to send your articles to your website if you so choose. This means that you will not need to worry about where to get your content from, which can be a nightmare for some businesses. After all, nobody wants to spend all day looking for content to send to their website!When choosing an article writer service, you will need to pay close attention to the pricing of the service. Most providers will provide pricing based on a per-article fee, which means that you would have to pay a set amount for the article writer service that you choose. The service should also be willing to review your budget and help you come up with a proposal that works within your budget.The service should also be able to manage your website and other websites related to your business. This can mean that the service provides the ability to run your website for free and this will not only save you money, but also time and frustration. The service should also provide the tools and resources to create a professional looking website, as well as technical support in case you need to contact them regarding problems that arise. You should also be able to request a copy of the article that has been written, or a second opinion on the article so that you can read it again before submitting it to your customers.When considering a freelance article writer service, it is important to consider the quality of the service that you are receiving. There are some writers who will only write articles for you for a few days, while others may only write once or twice per month. It is also important to check f or those writers who offer a variety of writing styles - this will allow you to look for an article writer that will cater to your requirements without you having to think about your business any more than you need to.

Social Stratification in Manifesto of the Communist...

Social Stratification in Manifesto of the Communist Party by Karl Marx and Max Webers Class, Status and Party Social stratification is the ranking of members of society in a way that some of its members are regarded as superior and others as inferior. This theory is certainly debated in present time and was debated as far back as 1776 when Karl Marx presented his theory in his Manifesto of the Communist Party. In the 1880s, Max Weber combatted that document in his own Class, Status and Party. Karl Marx believed that social standing or rank was based solely on class position. For example, an owner of a business was regarded far above a worker in that same business. Class position would also†¦show more content†¦This can be applied to todays world; wearing so called designer labels such as Polo and Donna Karan and driving a BMW would indicate a higher style of life than wearing J.C. Penny or driving a Kia. In todays society, the Keith Page 2 people living a higher style of life usually shy away from those of a lower economic status. You do not often encounter children from wealthy Manhattan families playing with children from Harlem. The third part of Webers theory on social stratification was power, which Weber defined as the chances of having other people do what you want them to do regardless of their own wishes. Marx would not have argued with Weber about the three factors being in existence; however, he probably would state that the class of the person would determine how much status and power a person would have. Weber agreed with Marx in the fact that in a capitalistic society, class had the biggest influence on a persons position and that status and power were given more to the higher classes. Weber said, however, that there were other societies in which this was not true, such as in the Estates System of Medieval Europe and the Caste System of India. In the Estates System, power was the most important factor of social rank, followed by class and status. The bestShow MoreRelatedSimilarites Between the Theories of Max Weber and Karl Marx874 Words   |  4 Pages Max Weber and Karl Marx have often been regarded as influential theorists who both analyzed in how the society is constructed in relationship to its economic conditions, more specifically on the division of labour. Both the labour and economics create a force on how societies are shaped and because of that Weber and Marx each developed a unique theory on how individuals react and how societies are formed. Many individuals say that, Marx and Weber both analyzed similar ideas however, they both hadRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1324 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx and Max Weber were influential sociologists that paved the way for modern sociological school of thought. Both, Karl Marx and Max Weber contributed a lot to the study and foundation of sociology. Without their contributions sociology would not be as prominent as it is today. From the contribution of how soci ology should be studied, to how they applied their theories to everyday life has influenced many sociologists. Predominantly, both of these theorists’ discussed the effects of capitalismRead MoreMarx and Weber: Conflicting Conflict Theories1903 Words   |  8 Pagessociological theory are Karl Marx and Max Weber. In some ways these two intellectuals were similar in the way they looked at society. There are also some striking differences. In order to compare and contrast these two individuals it is necessary to look at each of their ideas. Then a comparison of their views can be illustrated followed by examples of how their perspectives differ from each other. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany in 1818. He came from a middle-class German-Jewish backgroundRead MoreSocial Reproduction Theory And The American Education System1224 Words   |  5 Pages Social reproduction theory is important and relevant to society because it challenges an institution that we have been socialized to honor and protect. In America, we believe that we have equal opportunities to succeed by educating ourselves in the school system. However, our social class and identity dictate how much access we have to those very opportunities that can lead to success. By examining this theory of social reproduction, we can further understand the roles that culture and social classRead MoreWhat Are the Differences and Similarities Between Marxs and Webers Understandings of Capitalist Society?2939 Words   |  12 PagesEssay: What are the differences and similarities between Marxs and Webers understandings of capitalist society? Introduction Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Max Weber (1864-1920) are two remarkable founding fathers of Sociology. Both of them spent huge effort to study the rise of capitalist society. Marx created conflict theory paradigm called Marxism while Weber inspired the symbolic interactionism, both paradigm are still influential nowaday. This paper would try to discuss the differences andRead MoreWhat Are the Differences and Similarities Between Marxs and Webers Understandings of Capitalist Society?2948 Words   |  12 PagesEssay: What are the differences and similarities between Marxs and Webers understandings of capitalist society? Introduction Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Max Weber (1864-1920) are two remarkable founding fathers of Sociology. Both of them spent huge effort to study the rise of capitalist society. Marx created conflict theory paradigm called Marxism while Weber inspired the symbolic interactionism, both paradigm are still influential nowaday. This paper would try to discuss the differences and similaritiesRead Moremidterm paper 1 social theory2948 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Florida International University Marx, Durkheim, and Weber Methodologies Midterm Danielle N. McGill Sociology Theory 1148-SYA4010 Professor Richard Tardanico December 8, 2014 McGill 1 Danielle McGill Professor Richard Tardanico SYA 4010 8 December 2014 Marx, Durkheim, and Weber Methodologies Marx, Durkheim, and Weber together comprise the historical core of the sociological tradition. While they each come from very different perspectives and offer profoundRead MoreThe Enlightenment Karl Marx and Max Weber3163 Words   |  13 Pagesfrom one demanding faith to another to wonder whether any of the churches deserved the authority they claimed. People lived in rural areas only producing what was needed to survive. As scientific thought emerged, more influence on people’s ideas and social norms expanded, the way of thinking and living changed and people moved to urban areas to work and live. The Enlightenment consisted, in essence, of the belief that the expansion of knowledge, the application of reason, and dedication to scientificRead MoreMarx, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel on the Development of Capitalist Society and the Demise of Individualism3246 Words   |  13 PagesMarx, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel on the Development of Capitalist Society and the Demise of Individualism Theorists began to recognize capitalism as pre-industrial society developed economically and major social changes began to occur. Modernization resulted in industrialization, urbanization and bureaucratization as the workplace shifted from the home to the factory, people moved from farms into cities where jobs were more readily available and large-scale formal organizations emerged. ClassicalRead MoreCritically Analyze the Following Claim: ‚Äà ²Class Is No Longer Relevant in Australia in the Twenty-First Century.‚Äà ´1766 Words   |  8 Pagesfollowing claim: ‘Class is no longer relevant in Australia in the twenty-first century.’ The relevance of social class in Australia has been disputed as to whether it still exists. There are a lot of arguments and opinions on this issue but class inequality is evidently still in force in twenty first Australia. Contemporary Australian society discriminates the difference of social classes through economic status, education and geographic location. The power struggle in social class is analyzed in

Plato and Aristotle a Comparison Essay - 1641 Words

Comparing the political theories of any two great philosophers is a complex task. Plato and Aristotle are two such philosophers who had ideas of how to improve existing societies during their individual lifetimes. While both Plato and Aristotle were great thinkers, perhaps it is necessary first to examine the ideas of each before showing how one has laid the groundwork and developed certain themes for the other. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first writer of political philosophy. He fashioned a distinctive view of human nature, a view that has had a crucial formative influence on all subsequent theories of human nature. Plato pointed out the distinction between a perfect ideal and its imperfect replicas, and gave the name†¦show more content†¦We can see this in the dialogue Euthyphro, which we studied in class. In this dialogue, Socrates says: Im afraid, Euthyphro, that when you were asked what piety is, you did not wish to make its nature clear to me, but you told me an affect or a quality of it, that the pious has the quality of being loved by all the gods, but you have not yet told me what the pious isÂ…do not hide things from me but tell me again from the beginning what piety isÂ… (p. 14, 11a-b). Along with the legendary question of is what is pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?, Socrates was also asking Euthyphro to give him examples of holiness, and identify the characteristic that makes all holy things holy. He is claiming that there must be some characteristic that all holy things have in common, as well as one which makes unholy things holy. Platos view of human nature is a direct consequence of his Theory of Forms. He held that we can be completely virtuous only if our reason knows the forms, and in particular, our reason must know the form of the good (Velasquez, 151). The Form of the Good is the ideal or perfect nature of goodness, a principle form that illuminates all the other Forms of Knowledge. Plato compares the Form of the Good to the sun. The Form of the Good is to knowledge what the sun is to sight and the objects that we see. Just as the sun emanates light, theShow MoreRelatedPlato Aristotle Com parison1798 Words   |  8 PagesImitative Art A Comparison of the Philosophies of Plato Aristotle And the Ultimate Beneficial Nature of the Tragic Drama By: Stephanie Cimino In the various discussions of imitative art there has been a notable disagreement between two distinguished philosophers; Plato and Aristotle. Although it was Plato who first discussed the concept of imitative art, it is my belief that Aristotle was justified in his praise and admiration of imitative art, specifically, the tragic dramaRead MoreComparison Between Aristotle and Plato on Mimesis4881 Words   |  20 PagesiA comparison between Aristotle and Plato on mimesis 1. Introduction Mimesis, as a controversial concept starting from the 15th century, is among the oldest terms in literature and artistic theory, and is certainly among the most fundamental. Developing centuries, the concept of mimesis has been explored and reinterpreted by scholars in various academic fields. The word â€Å"Mimesis† developed from the root mimos, noun designating both a person who imitates and a specific genre of performance basedRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1464 Words   |  6 PagesPlato Truth and Reality- And isnt it a bad thing to be deceived about the truth, and a good thing to know what the truth is? For I assume that by knowing the truth you mean knowing things as they really are. Truthfulness. He will never willingly tolerate an untruth, but will hate it as much as he loves truth... And is there anything more closely connected with wisdom than truth? (Plato, 380BC) Reason Reason is knowledge of things like mathematics but which require that some postulatesRead MoreComparison of Plato, Aquinas, Aristotle and Augustine1473 Words   |  6 PagesPlato Truth and Reality- And isnt it a bad thing to be deceived about the truth, and a good thing to know what the truth is? For I assume that by knowing the truth you mean knowing things as they really are. Truthfulness. He will never willingly tolerate an untruth, but will hate it as much as he loves truth... And is there anything more closely connected with wisdom than truth? (Plato, 380BC) Reason Reason is knowledge of things like mathematics but which require that some postulatesRead MoreDistinctions and Comparisons between Aristotle and Plato Essay1681 Words   |  7 Pagesideas introduced by Plato on the theory of forms, where deducted and critiqued by Aristotle. Both philosophers can be viewed as having opposing ideologies. Nonetheless, Plato and Aristotle are in agreement on certain factors of their philosophy. Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not accept whatRead MoreAristotle: The Pursuit of Happiness1358 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and Plato both are both well known for their focus on defining the purpose of being human. To them, humans have a particular characteristic that no other living thing possesses. That characteristic is that humans strive to achieve a level of goodness. Although they agree with each other that there is a highest good one must achieve in order to live a fulfilling life, they have different ideas on what that good is. On Aristotle’s search to find the highest good of a human being, he firstRead MorePlato s Interpretation Of Utopia1630 Words   |  7 PagesPlato and Aristotle shared many differences despite also sharing a teacher student relationship. This essay will strive to establish their understandings of reason and the role reason plays in their comprehensions of politics, differentiating between the kinds of reason and politics produced as a result. Plato is regarded as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is recognised as the first political scientist. Plato’s interpretation of Utopia is founded upon the existence of threeRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Politics And Society1090 Words   |  5 PagesPlato and Aristotle are philosophers that both have an idea of an ideal state but they have their differences. While there are benefits to each of their views on politics and society, there are also many negative things about their views. Some of their negative views were realistic at one point in time but few are the same in today s society. Although I don t fully agree with either philosopher, I would have to side with Aristotle overall. The two philosophers had many differences but they wereRead MoreA Summary Of Plato And Aristotle818 Words   |  4 Pagesparticipate in and be involved with political activities. Plato and Aristotle are arguably two of the most prominent philosophers from ancient Greece. Although both Plato and Aristotle are great thinkers, their philosophical views of the role of women as potential rulers differ very much from one another. In fact, many of Aristotle’s writings about the role of women contradict the beliefs of his professor, Plato. This paper will provide an in-depth comparison of the potential for women to be rulers in Aristotle’sRead MoreEssay on Comparing and Contrasting Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle708 Words   |  3 Pagesmeditate about life, and would sit or talk and write books about life. These have always been one of Greeks reasons of why it is so famous. Because of their marvelous philosophers. The most important philosophers from that time and always are: Aristotle, Plato and Socrates. Socrates: Socrates was a very important philosopher. He usually questioned a lot about traditions, religion and government. One of his ideas, now used at school, is the Socratic Method. This is that a person asks questions

A Study On Apple Tree - 856 Words

[u]5. Apple Tree[/u] One of the best known fruits in the world is the apple. This round, palm sized fruit is produced by a deciduous tree Malas domestica, in the rose family which generally grows 6 to 12 feet tall when cultivated or as large as 39 feet when appearing in the wild. This tree is grown worldwide and believed to have originated in Central Asia. Apple trees can vary in size, becoming quite large if grown from trees or remaining small when grafted onto roots. This fruit is as varied as the people who grow it, with over 7,500 different variations which can include size, color, taste or use. For instance, some apples are best suited for use in baking, or apples with more of a bite make great cider. As with any plant this old or diverse we can see it’s references throughout history and symbolism is associated with it in almost every culture or religion in the world. From these references and symbols we can begin to see a correspondence pattern for this fruit. In Norse mythology we can s ee the apple as being associated with immortality, life, beauty, persuasion and fertility. The Prose Edda, describes the goddess Ià °unn providing the other gods with apples which give them eternal youthfulness. From this writing we can associate the apple with immortality, life, and beauty. Another reference to apples in norse mythology is a myth describing eleven golden apples being given to Gerà °r by Skà ­rnir, to gain her favor. This signifies that they could be used forShow MoreRelatedCommon Misconceptions : Common Myths1223 Words   |  5 Pagesmyths. For example, In the Book of Genesis the forbidden fruit that is mention is commonly assumed to be an apple. Another misconception is you need to wait an hour after eating before you can swim safely. As said in the beginning, The Book of Genesis says that the fruit that Eve was tempted to eat was an apple. Throughout all of the western art of Adam and Eve the mysterious fruit is an apple. In the bible, on Genesis 2:15-17, God said: â€Å"The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of EdenRead More The Chronicles Of Narnia: Book Report Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesa robber. They opened the door and began the next house. After a while they came to the one that they thought was abandoned, but after they opened the door and saw all the books they knew that they were wrong.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They were in the forbidden study. That was uncle Andrews private room. It seemed as if no one was in the room, so they decided to look around. Polly noticed that there were several different types of rings on the table.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suddenly Digory saw someone stand up from the chairRead MoreAnalysis of A Poison Tree Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmystical journey for the reader, usually culminating in a moral lesson. One such poem, A Poison Tree, clearly illustrates some of William Blakes moral beliefs. With his use of imagery, as well as an instinctive knowledge of human nature, William Blake shows just how one goes from the light to the darkness (from innocence to experience) by the repression of emotions. If one were to read the A Poison Tree on a strictly superficial level, it would be enough to understand the basic meaning: SpeakerRead MoreEssay on The Message Behind A Poison Tree1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem that I have analyzed is A Poison Tree. Blake strategically placed imagery and personification to hide his underlying truth; do not store up anger because horrible situations will arise. At first glance the poem seems hate filled and that he just wrote it out of revenge or angst, but in reality he is teaching a moral lesson that should be taken very seriously. Blake’s structure in the poem is interesting in its symbolism. He wrote A Poison Tree in four stanzas. Upon first glance it seemsRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Of The Bus Picks You Up And You Are Now Presented With Two Options1353 Words   |  6 Pagesreason for the gap is predominantly a product of individual circumstances, primarily outside the school system’s reach. Education is like an apple. However, only the ripest get consumed. As intricate as the nutrients in the soil, to the first bud on the tree, the journey and survival of an apple relies solely on outside influence. The seeds of the apple are already programmed to grow, blossom, and be fruitful. Any external factor alters the outcome of the fruit. Beginning with the child, a seedRead MoreThe Breeding of the Red-Fleshed Apples1285 Words   |  5 PagesThe breeding of the red-fleshed apples was originally from Kazakhstan and improvements of the apple was breed in order for the breeders to produce a apple that has high in Vitamin and as a healthy diet snack. The scientists have collected the apple’s seeds in order to let those seeds to grow in New Zealand. The red-fleshed apples were usually small back in Kazakhstan and it has a different taste which was a bit bitter and had a lack of quality in the commercial marketing. Also they have improvedRead MoreApple Production891 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesTotal production of apple fruit in Himachal Pradesh has increased from 892112 (MT) in 2010-11 to 777126 (MT) in 2015-16. In 2011-12 and 2014-15, apple production declined due to heavy rains and hail storms in apple orchids which effects its cultivation, after all apple production of Himachal Pradesh is growing rapidly. The pace of development is further jeopardized due to the dwindling apple production, owing to weather vagaries and market fluctuation and the production of apple during last few yearsRead MoreEssay Coming of Age in Society609 Words   |  3 PagesWhen growing up most of us has heard the saying, â€Å"the apple does not fall far from the tree.† This quote is intended to tell a child that he or she is reflecting a trait similar to their parent. This quote does not only reflect children as they mirror their parents, but also how a society mirrors its government. As a child grows, he or she is taught to act a certain way through reinforcements given by the parents. Reinforcements can be either positive or negative. A parent gives their child a yellowRead MoreThe Star Math Assessment : A Comprehensive Assessment Tool1628 Words   |  7 PagesThis aspect of the assessment will aid in the action research as it will provide information vital to lesson planning and direction of the activities throughout the study. The individual reports will provide information concerning student understanding and mastery, allowing the researcher to monitor student progress throughout the study. It needs to be noted that the STAR test changes as students age, and during administration, responds according to student answers. When analyzing these scoresRead MoreSpeech As A Speech To Isaac Newtons Speech879 Words   |  4 Pagesof today’s modern physics, influencing and impacting not only those who study physics but everyone who participates in the orbit of the earth and remaining grounded. So about 7.442 billion. No biggie.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is unbelievably useful and it all started with an apple. Maybe an apple, couldve been an acorn like in Chicken Little.   It is assumed Isaac Newton witnessed an apple fall from a tree thus beginning a thought process only someone with an estimated IQ level

Critical Evaluation and Developmental Activities †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Critical Evaluation and Developmental Activities. Answer: Introduction The current study is based on the critical evaluation of Aveo Retirement Villages dividend history in past 5 years, by considering the company's dividend policy and dividend level. On the basis of the analysis, recommendation on preferred policy and dividend level will be provided and an appropriate conclusion and reasoning will be briefed at the end. Aveo Group Limited is into the business of development, operation and management of retirement communities. There are various activities the Company is involved into but principally top in list are investment in retirement villages and their development and management; developmental activities for the purpose of used properties like resale of land as well as residential, commercial, retail and industrial property; it also makes investment in, and does management of real estate sectors income-producing retail, commercial and industrial property; building of commercial, industrial and residential nature and construction for the Company, and management of funds and asset (Annual report of Aveo Group, 2017). There are two segments through which the company operates, namely retirement and non-retirement real estate segments. Retirement segment develops and operates into retirement villages and specific aged care facilities so as to produce rental and other income. The other non-retirement segment develops the residential, commercial and retail property for public and is not segment specifically. Past 5 years dividend history of AVEO Group Limited Table 1: Aveos Dividend History Aveos Dividend History 2013 (in ) 2014 (in ) 2015 (in ) 2016 (in ) 2017 (in ) H F Result - 4 5 8 9 Final 1 - - - - Interim - - - - - Table 2 Aveos Dividend Yield Aveos Annual Dividend Yield 2015 2016 2017 Annual Dividend Yield (in %) 1.9 2.5 3.2 Aveos Annual Dividend ((in ) 5 8 9 Table 3 Aveos Return on Equity, Shareholders Return and Dividend Payout Ratio Aveos Group Limited Particulars 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Return on equity (in %) 4.2 8.8 5.3 Shareholders Return (in %) - - 27.7 26 -9.5 Payout Ratio (in %) - - - 29 50 From the Table 1 given above, it is clear that Aveo Group Limited has distributed the small sum of dividend in a period of last 5 years but in an increasing fashion. Therefore its dividend payout ratio is showing a rising trend from 29 to 50 in Figure 3. Also according to Table 2 given above, the Annual dividend is gradually rising in order from 5-8-9 and so is its dividend yield. That is a very systematic and planned way a company has distributed to its stakeholders in last few years in an increasing order satisfying the gut of an investor, which would mean that the company has not shown any disappointing performance. Critical evaluation of dividend history and earnings per share As per the statistics are given in Figure 1 and Figure 2, read with Figure 3 given above, the Company has consistently paid rising dividend since 2013. Also, the earning on the equity has risen from 2015. According to which it can be said that the company payout history is growing with payout ratio rising to nearly double from 2016. Although the shareholder's return shows a negative fall in 2017 but cannot be treated as a negative feedback in entirety. Year Securities price at year-end (in $) Profit after tax ($m) Price-earnings ratio 2013 1.27 39.2 9.3 2014 2.06 42.1 21.7 2015 2.58 54.7 23.7 2016 3.17 89 18.6 2017 2.78 108.4 14.7 Based on the statistics provided in the figure above, Aveos security prices, as well as the profit, earned after tax is showing an ascending order. This shows that the company is in its growth period and is well to do in order to attract and satisfy the investors intentions as that of a profitable stock (Aveo Group (AOG), 2017). The stock is recommendable to investors looking at it rising payout in addition to its profits, dividend and stock price over the period of 5 years. Conclusion Based on the dividend distributed and the dividend payout the company seems attractive and reasonably well to invest into looking at the real estate industry growth trends in mind. Since the company is systematically and in a planned manner gaining earnings for its investors, it is expected to do well in the foreseeable future (Renneboog and Szilagyi, 2015). Since the consistently rising profits is favourable, adopted policy by the company is viable. References Annual report of Aveo Group. 2017. Available through https://www.aveo.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/AVEO-2017-Annual-Report.pdf. [Accessed on 6th October 2017]. Aveo Group (AOG). 2017. [Online]. Available through https://www.investsmart.com.au/shares/asx-aog/aveo-group. [Accessed on 6th October 2017]. Renneboog, L. and Szilagyi, P.G., 2015. How relevant is dividend policy under low shareholder protection?.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money.

Modern Organizational Theory Vs. Improvisation Essays -

Modern Organizational Theory Vs. Improvisation Modern Organizational Theory vs. Improvisation Organization theory deals with the formal structure, internal working, and external environment of complex human behavior within organizations. As a field spanning several disciplines, it prescribes how work and workers out to be organized and attempts to explain the actual consequences of organizational behavior (including individual behavior) on work done and on the organization itself.(Gordon and Milkavoich, 147) It has been evolving for centuries on how should work be done in the public administration and how the organization should be. Research findings have emerged about what motivates workers and how different incentives affect various tasks, employees, and situations; and the environments in which they operate. (Gordon and Milakovich, 147) Even with all those research statistics and different modes of thought toward organization there are still situations in which the rational approach to public decisions does not help. For instance, what if the environment is instable and ha s no guidelines or precedents to follow? In the case of Israel, improvisation has changed the organization of public administrations, uprooted the conventional models for policymaking, and strayed off from the Weberian model of administration. This kind of improvisation is the product of cultural and personal predilections and environmental circumstances,(Sharkansky and Zalmanovitch, 1) The use of improvisation is dependent on the culture and the environment in which policy decisions are made. For example, the use of improvisation is found more so in Spanish managers. Why? Spanish mangers express an explicit preference for spontaneous, improvised managerial style over the methodical and formal planning favored by their American, English, and Dutch counterparts. (Sharkansky and Zalmanovitch, 2) Another proponent of improvisational technique is the Israelis. Improvisation is made inevitable in a situation where problems must be dealt with expediently and on the spur of the moment. Taking into consideration the conflict between the Arabs and the Israelis, improvisation is essential to running administrations. The formal theory such of Max Weber cannot apply since its framework of rules and procedures are to ensure stability, predictability, and reliability of performance; yet, with no stability or predictability in the environment these theories only fall short of thei r expectations. Rational panning has already been pointed out a century ago by Herbert Simon (1976) to be bounded by many factors such as: skills, habits, and reflexes, values, etc, which makes it impossible to achieve rational planning that is suited for the situationMoreover, rational planning does not have primary value in Israels cultural heritage. Survival in the Diaspora often depended on an ability to act quickly, with limited resources, under harsh, changing, and uncertain conditions.(Sharkansky and Zalmanovitch, 2) With endless terrorism, continuous war, and a population growth that shifts from month to month there is the perpetual challenge to respond to each situation expediently and ingeniously. Even with the scientific management organizational theory, the formal structure and rules, the highly centralized top management levels, and especially the standardizing procedures would make policy-making decisions disastrous for Israel. This mode of organization is to increase productivity, thus profits. Yet, Israels leadership has to consistently accomplish a wide variety of expensive goals with limited means. These goals included creating the infrastructure of a modem, industrial society in an undeveloped setting; creating a welfare state which could house, educate, and provide employment and healthcare for successive waves of immigrants and their children; and provide its citizens with a decent standard of living. (Sharkansky and Zalmanovitch, 3) With all of these pressures to be done on an econ omy of scarcity, the profit idea fits nowhere. Improvisation began in Israel since 1967, the day the city was united under total Israeli control. It involved deviating Israels formal policy to keep the peace. With the Arabs fighting for their land back and Israels strong willed notion to maintain all of the land under Israeli rule, it proved to be quite a task. Not only did the government had to improvise to ease the tension between the Arabs and the Israelis, they also had to settle the demands of the Religious and the Secular people. To maintain a harmonious environment the public decision makers had to improvise a way to keep the religious and secular Jews on the same level, whereby initiating one approach

Dilemma currently faced by the RBA Example

Dilemma currently faced by the RBA Example Dilemma currently faced by the RBA – Essay Example Dilemma Currently Faced by the RBA The Reserve Bank of Australia met on March 6, to discuss the dilemma currently facing its conduct of monetary policy. The RBA recognized that while the global economic was in recession most major regions had witnessed steady improvements. While major downside risks remained, the probability of another major catastrophe seemed extremely limited. Domestically, however, the committee recognized that the economic continued to undergo significant structural adjustment because of high terms of trade and the accompanying high exchange rate. As a result it became the RBA’s dilemma to decide whether they should change interest rates. There were a number of issues the RBA had to consider in making their decision. One of the central concerns in these regards was the determination of whether the adjustment was occurring at a pace that kept the country close to trend and inflation in the target range. The board looked at different sectors of the economy and recognized that while the housing sector was in decline the mining and service sectors were expanding. The board also examined behavior from the major banks. They noted that they had passed on many of their higher funding cost pressures; these figures did not indicate anything out of the ordinary. While these conditions seemed apparent there were members that considered their assessment mechanisms might not be entirely accurate. For instance, disparate forces such as the large rise in resource investments and the high exchange rate could have potential impacts. While most of these domestic indicators appeared stable, the RBA recognized that international factors could potentially create an adverse impact. Most central to their concerns was the tumultuous situation in Europe. They recognized that this situation, as it impacts the trade of flow throughout the globe, could ultimately impact Australia. The main link to the Australian economy would be if Europe enacted a slowdown in East Asia, which in turned reduced Australian exports. Specifically, this chain effect would potentially limit demand for commodity prices. Continuing with European concerns, the RBA recognized that a slowdown in European markets or even collapse could potentially reduce global capital investment; this would then impact the exchange rate and consumer confidence. Still, the RBA recognized that as long as inflation remained stable they would be able to counter such a slowdown with specific policy measures. In conclusion, this essay has considered the dilemma the Reserve Bank of Australia faced at their March 6, 2012 meeting. The report has demonstrated that the RBA considered both international and domestic factors. Specifically, there was concern over the economy’s structural adjustment to the very high terms of trade and the accompanying high exchange rate. The main challenge to these adjustments was the potential uncertainty in Europe which could potentially impact a situation where demand for Australian exports declined. Ultimately, the RBA concluded there was no significant action that needed to be taken and decided to leave the cash rate unchanged at 4.25 per cent. References ‘Minutes of the Monetary Policy Meeting of the Reserve Bank Board.’ (2012)

HD-DVD vs. BLU-RAY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HD-DVD vs. BLU-RAY - Essay Example Weaknesses are happening on a couple of fronts. On the content development front, the DVD authoring front, we continue to see extreme price pressure in authoring services. The price of DVD authoring software has come down. The fact that more and more people are doing it puts incredible pressure on the production community to develop a quality product that is certifiable over all of the various players, delivers the same experience to the customer, and builds and maintains margins in their production services. (Sweeting, 2004, p7-46) On the other side, when we look at the next generation high definition DVD disc, which will certainly be all the rage in 2006, a weakness there is how soon the consumer will embrace this technology, particularly if there are two formats. As we all know, DVD was the most successful consumer product ever launched, but if you look at it now, most people have DVD players and are very content with the experience that they get in watching DVDs in their home. How quickly will they want to purchase a more expensive DVD player to play high definition material is something everyone is grappling with right now. (Capps, 2005) It is likely that moving forward the next wave [of opportunity] will fall to special interest categories and even corporate video--outreach and recruiting applications. Certainly, the opportunities for DVD in 2006 are tremendous. Beyond the applications in the corporate, marketing and outreach programs, we'll see special niche DVDs having greater acceptance. Then, of course, we have the whole next-generation issue, which hopefully will come to the forefront in 2006. The threat, especially for high definition, will definitely be how quickly the consumer will embrace that technology, particularly if there are two competing formats. You'll also have, on another front, a continuing piracy concern. That will bring pressure on studios and on the production community to figure out ways to safeguard the transmission of the information and the actual content on the DVD. We will see more movies being released more quickly to DVD. We will see the continued growth of TV programming and music on DVD, We will see the emerging market of 'special interest' DVDs [from educational, travel, marketing, outreach, recruiting, etc.]. And of course we will see the next generation of DVDs, in high definition.Blu Ray will win the high definition DVD arms race, but my guess is that it will take some time for the 75 percent of households who already own a standard definition DVD player to slowly warm up to parting with the cash to upgrade. In all likelihood the adoption wi ll be much slower than standard DVD. The entire industry is holding off until March to launch both formats [DVD HD and Blu Ray]. So we won't be able to see until March of this year how well the fall of this year will be. Also, how fast will HD disc formats be adopted by consumers It took four years for consumers to adopt DVD; will it take six years to get them over to HD We don't really know. (Laser Focus World, 2004. p11-11) A cross-industry debate over the next-generation high-definition optical-disk format turned uglier after Microsoft and Intel publicly backed the HD-DVD standard over its Blu-ray rival. Moving beyond the turf war talk of whether PCs or consumer electronics will rule the digital living room, the HD-DVD vs. Blu-ray battle

The effects of light and darkness on harvester ants and their ability Lab Report

The effects of light and darkness on harvester ants and their ability to dig tunnels in dry and moist sand - Lab Report Example They are also favored in exposed and open areas whereby their nests can be about 4.5 meters deep underground (MacKay, 1981). The experiment was divided into 3 groups including control group and experimental group. The two experimental groups had both moist and dry sand but one had darkness and light while the other had darkness. Basing on the results, it was observed that there was a difference on the effect of light and darkness on the ability of the ant to dig the tunnel. Also the ants were observed to have a great ability to dig tunnels in dry sand than wet sand. The light promoted the ants in the digging of the tunnels. Therefore, it can be concluded that light supports the ant in digging the tunnels while darkness does not. This is clearly evident in the group of darkness. In this case, the measurements of the tunnel are lower in this group than that of light group both for dry and wet sand. It was also observed that the ants were more capable of digging tunnels in dry sand than in wet sand. This is true because according to the literature, it is well known that these ants typically live in dry deser t conditions. They are also favored in exposed and open areas whereby their nests can be about 4.5 meters deep underground (Lavigne, 1969). The results of the experiment were satisfactory because they were in line with the literature. They tend not to be confirmatory results and they may act as a basis for other further studies. This is because most of the issues were not considered to mimic the natural environment of the ants and this can affect their natural behavior, hence, leading to significant errors in the experiment. Thus, this can result to unscrupulous conclusion. Also the number of the ants needs to be considered, in the experiment the number of ants used tends not to be appropriate to give excellent results. In conclusion, the results mean that light and darkness have an impact on the ants’ behavior

Cache Memory Plays A Lead Role Information Technology Essay

Cache Memory Plays A Lead Role Information Technology Essay Answer: Cache (prominent and pronounced as cash) memory is enormously and extremely fast memory that is built into a computers central processing unit (CPU) or located next to it on a separate chip. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs, improving overall system speed. It helps CPU to accessing for frequently or recently accessed data. C:UsersraushanPicturespage36-1.jpg References: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-cache-memory.htm Reason for Cache Memory: There are various reasons for using Cache in the computer some of the reason is mentioning following. The RAM is comparatively very slow as compared to System CPU and it is also far from the CPU (connected through Bus), so there is need to add another small size memory which is very near to the CPU and also very fast so that the CPU will not remain in deadlock mode while it waiting resources from main memory. this memory is known as Cache memory. This is also a RAM but is very high speed as compare to Primary memory i.e. RAM. In Speed CPU works in femto or nano seconds the distance also plays a major role in case of performance. Cache memory is designed to supply the CPU with the most frequently requested data and instructions. Because retrieving data from cache takes a fraction of the time that it takes to access it from main memory, having cache memory can save a lot of time. Whenever we work on more than one application. This cache memory is use to keep control and locate the running application within fraction of nano seconds. It enhances performance capability of the system. Cache memory directly communicates with the processor. It is used preventing mismatch between processor and memory while switching from one application two another instantaneously whenever needed by user. It keeps track of all currently working applications and their currently used resources. For example, a web browser stores newly visited web pages in a cache directory, so that we can return promptly to the page without requesting it from the original server. When we strike the Reload button, browser compares the cached page with the current page out on the network, and updates our local version if required. References: 1. http://www.kingston.com/tools/umg/umg03.asp 2. http://www.kingston.com/frroot/tools/umg/umg03.asp 3. http://ask.yahoo.com/19990329.html How Cache Works? Answer: The cache is programmed (in hardware) to hold recently-accessed memory locations in case they are needed again. So, each of these instructions will be saved in the cache after being loaded from memory the first time. The next time the processor wants to use the same instruction, it will check the cache first, see that the instruction it needs is there, and load it from cache instead of going to the slower system RAM. The number of instructions that can be buffered this way is a function of the size and design of the cache. The details of how cache memory works vary depending on the different cache controllers and processors, so I wont describe the exact details. In general, though, cache memory works by attempting to predict which memory the processor is going to need next, and loading that memory before the processor needs it, and saving the results after the processor is done with it. Whenever the byte at a given memory address is needed to be read, the processor attempts to get the data from the cache memory. If the cache doesnt have that data, the processor is halted while it is loaded from main memory into the cache. At that time memory around the required data is also loaded into the cache. When data is loaded from main memory to the cache, it will have to replace something that is already in the cache. So, when this happens, the cache determines if the memory that is going to be replaced has changed. If it has, it first saves the changes to main memory, and then loads the new data. The cache sys tem doesnt worry about data structures at all, but rather whether a given address in main memory is in the cache or not. In fact, if you are familiar with virtual memory where the hard drive is used to make it appear like a computer has more RAM than it really does, the cache memory is similar. Lets take a library as an example o how caching works. Imagine a large library but with only one librarian (the standard one CPU setup). The first person comes into the library and asks for A CSA book (By IRV Englander). The librarian goes off follows the path to the bookshelves (Memory Bus) retrieves the book and gives it to the person. The book is returned to the library once its finished with. Now without cache the book would be returned to the shelf. When the next person arrives and asks for CSA book (By IRV Englander), the same process happens and takes the same amount of time. Cache memory is like a hot list of instructions needed by the CPU. The memory manager saves in cache each instruction the CPU needs; each time the CPU gets an instruction it needs from cache that instruction moves to the top of the hot list. When cache is filled and the CPU calls for a new instruction, the system overwrites the data in cache that hasnt been used for the longest period of time. This way, the high priority information thats used continuously stays in cache, while the less frequently used information drops out after an Interval. Its similar to when u access a program frequently the program is listed on the start menu here need not have to find the program from the list on all programs u simply open the start menu and click on the program listed there, doesnt this saves Your time. Working of cache Pentium 4: Pentium 4: L1 cache (8k bytes, 64 byte lines, Four ways set associative) L2 cache (256k,128 byte lines,8 way set associative) References: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/cache.htm http://www.kingston.com/tools/umg/umg03.asp http://www.zak.ict.pwr.wroc.pl/nikodem/ak_materialy/Cache%20organization%20by%20Stallings.pdf Levels of Cache Level 1 Cache (L1): The Level 1 cache, or primary cache, is on the CPU and is used for temporary storage of instructions and data organised in blocks of 32 bytes. Primary cache is the fastest form of storage. Because its built in to the chip with a zero wait-state (delay) interface to the processors execution unit, it is limited in size. Level 1 cache is implemented using Static RAM (SRAM) and until recently was traditionally 16KB in size. SRAM uses two transistors per bit and can hold data without external assistance, for as long as power is supplied to the circuit. The second transistor controls the output of the first: a circuit known as a flip-flop so-called because it has two stable states which it can flip between. This is contrasted to dynamic RAM (DRAM), which must be refreshed many times per second in order to hold its data contents. Intels P55 MMX processor, launched at the start of 1997, was noteworthy for the increase in size of its Level 1 cache to 32KB. The AMD K6 and Cyrix M2 chips launched later that year upped the ante further by providing Level 1 caches of 64KB. 64Kb has remained the standard L1 cache size, though various multiple-core processors may utilise it differently. For all L1 cache designs the control logic of the primary cache keeps the most frequently used data and code in the cache and updates external memory only when the CPU hands over control to other bus masters, or during direct memory access by peripherals such as optical drives and sound cards. http://www.pctechguide.com/14Memory_L1_cache.htm ever_s1 Level 2 Cache (L2): Most PCs are offered with a Level 2 cache to bridge the processor/memory performance gap. Level 2 cache also referred to as secondary cache) uses the same control logic as Level 1 cache and is also implemented in SRAM. Level 2 caches typically comes in two sizes, 256KB or 512KB, and can be found, or soldered onto the motherboard, in a Card Edge Low Profile (CELP) socket or, more recently, on a COAST module. The latter resembles a SIMM but is a little shorter and plugs into a COAST socket, which is normally located close to the processor and resembles a PCI expansion slot. The aim of the Level 2 cache is to supply stored information to the processor without any delay (wait-state). For this purpose, the bus interface of the processor has a special transfer protocol called burst mode. A burst cycle consists of four data transfers where only the addresses of the first 64 are output on the address bus. The most common Level 2 cache is synchronous pipeline burst. To have a synchronous cache a chipset, such as Triton, is required to support it. It can provide a 3-5% increase in PC performance because it is timed to a clock cycle. This is achieved by use of specialised SRAM technology which has been develo ped to allow zero wait-state access for consecutive burst read cycles. There is also asynchronous cache, which is cheaper and slower because it isnt timed to a clock cycle. With asynchronous SRAM, available in speeds between 12 and 20ns, (http://www.pctechguide.com/14Memory_L2_cache.htm) 976 http://www.karbosguide.com/books/pcarchitecture/images/976.png (picture) L3 cache Level 3 cache is something of a luxury item. Often only high end workstations and servers need L3 cache. Currently for consumers only the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition even features L3 cache. L3 has been both on-die, meaning part of the CPU or external meaning mounted near the CPU on the motherboard. It comes in many sizes and speeds. The point of cache is to keep the processor pipeline fed with data. CPU cores are typically the fastest part in the computer. As a result cache is used to pre-read or store frequently used instructions and data for quick access. Cache acts as a high speed buffer memory to more quickly provide the CPU with data. So, the concept of CPU cache leveling is one of performance optimization for the processor. http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,2845,1517372,00.asp The image below shows the complete cache hierarchy of the Shanghai processor. Barcelona also has a similar hierarchy except that it only has 2MB of L3 cache. L3_Cache_Architecture http://developer.amd.com/PublishingImages/L3_Cache_Architecture.jpg (picture) Cache Memory Organisation In a modern microprocessor several caches are found. They not only vary in size and functionality, but also their internal organization is typically different across the caches. Instruction Cache The instruction cache is used to store instructions. This helps to reduce the cost of going to memory to fetch instructions. The instruction cache regularly holds several other things, like branch prediction information. In certain cases, this cache can even perform some limited operation(s). The instruction cache on UltraSPARC, for example, also pre-decodes the incoming instruction. Data Cache A data cache is a fast buffer that contains the application data. Before the processor can operate on the data, it must be loaded from memory into the data cache. The element needed is then loaded from the cache line into a register and the instruction using this value can operate on it. The resultant value of the instruction is also stored in a register. The register contents are then stored back into the data cache. Eventually the cache line that this element is part of is copied back into the main memory. In some cases, the cache can be bypassed and data is stored into the registers directly. TLB Cache Translating a virtual page address to a valid physical address is rather costly. The TLB is a cache to store these translated addresses. Each entry in the TLB maps to an entire virtual memory page. The CPU can only operate on data and instructions that are mapped into the TLB. If this mapping is not present, the system has to re-create it, which is a relatively costly operation. The larger a page, the more effective capacity the TLB has. If an application does not make good use of the TLB (for example, random memory access) increasing the size of the page can be beneficial for performance, allowing for a bigger part of the address space to be mapped into the TLB. Some microprocessors, including UltraSPARC, implement two TLBs. One for pages containing instructions (I-TLB) and one for data pages (D-TLB). An Example of a typical cache organization is shown below: Cache Memory Principles à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Small amount of fast memory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Placed between the processor and main memory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Located either on the processor chip or on a separate module Cache Operation Overview Processor requests the contents of some memory location The cache is checked for the requested data If found, the requested word is delivered to the processor If not found, a block of main memory is first read into the cache, then therequested word is delivered to the processor When a block of data is fetched into the cache to satisfy a single memory reference, it is likely that there will be future references to that same memory location or to other words in the block locality or reference rule. Each block has a tag added to recognize it. Mapping Function An algorithm is needed to map main memory blocks into cache lines. A method is needed to determine which main memory block occupies a cache line. There are three techniques used: Direct Fully Associative Set Associative Direct Mapping: Direct mapped is a simple and efficient organization. The (virtual or physical) memory address of the incoming cache line controls which cache location is going to be used. Implementing this organization is straightforward and is relatively easy to make it scale with the processor clock. In a direct mapped organization, the replacement policy is built-in because cache line replacement is controlled by the (virtual or physical) memory address. Direct mapping assigned each memory block to a specific line in the cache. If a line is all ready taken up by a memory block when a new block needs to be loaded, the old block is trashed. The figure below shows how multiple blocks are mapped to the same line in the cache. This line is the only line that each of these blocks can be sent to. In the case of this figure, there are 8 bits in the block identification portion of the memory address. Consider a simple example-a 4-kilobyte cache with a line size of 32 bytes direct mapped on virtual addresses. Thus each load/store to cache moves 32 bytes. If one variable of type float takes 4 bytes on our system, each cache line will hold eight (32/4=8) such variables. http://csciwww.etsu.edu/tarnoff/labs4717/x86_sim/images/direct.gif The address for this broken down something like the following: Tag 8 bits identifying line in cache word id bits Direct mapping is simple and inexpensive to implement, but if a program accesses 2 blocks that map to the same line repeatedly, the cache begins to thrash back and forth reloading the line over and over again meaning misses are very high. Fully Associative: The fully associative cache design solves the potential problem of thrashing with a direct-mapped cache. The replacement policy is no longer a function of the memory address, but considers usage instead. With this design, typically the oldest cache line is evicted from the cache. This policy is called least recently used (LRU). In the previous example, LRU prevents the cache lines of a and b from being moved out prematurely. The downside of a fully associative design is cost. Additional logic is required to track usage of lines. The larger the cache size, the higher the cost. Therefore, it is difficult to scale this technology to very large (data) caches. Luckily, a good alternative exists. The address is broken into two parts: a tag used to identify which block is stored in which line of the cache (s bits) and a fixed number of LSB bits identifying the word within the blocks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tag  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   word id bits Set Associative: Set associative addresses the problem of possible thrashing in the direct mapping method. It does this by saying that instead of having exactly one line that a block can map to in the cache, we will group a few lines together creating a set. Then a block in memory can map to any one of the lines of a specific set. There is still only one set that the block can map to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tag  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   word id bits

Media Manipulation Essay -- essays research papers

The media and advertising hinder do indeed hinder our being fully human. Mass media including radio, television and newspapers endeavors to shape public opinion on a variety of things. The media attempts to manipulate those values instilled by parents and society in general, thus taking away from our being human. Messages designed to influence peoples’ attitudes, desires and decisions fall upon society urging those people to buy a certain product, vote for a certain political figure, or support a â€Å"worthy† cause. The daily attack of media and advertising persuade the public to be one and the same, rather than allowing them to function as humans who follow their own beliefs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public opinion is formed through media propaganda. The network of communication systems – radio, magazines, newspaper, television, and films – informs those exposed as to their roles in society and their culture. Advertising has but one purpose: to sell a product or service or to promote a political figure by any and all means necessary including brainwashing the general public. Companies try to make the consumer aware of its product and convince the world that its product is better than that of the competitor as seen with the war between McDonalds and Burger King restaurants. This misuse of triggering the subconscious minds induces the public to buy things without knowing they have been deceived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parents have the heaviest influence in shaping on...

Ontario’s Nuclear Plants

Ontario†s nuclear power planets are damaging our environment and economic structure; nuclear power should be shut down and replaced with safer methods of power making. Ontario†s nuclear power is not the safe and clean way to produce power, Ontario†s nuclear plants are becoming outdated, nuclear waste is building up, and contamination is becoming more of a threat. Ontario thought that nuclear was clean, safe, and cheap way to produce power. During the 1950s, Ontario Hydro was looking for new sources of electricity to meet the growing demand. In 1954, a partnership was formed between Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL), Ontario Hydro and Canadian General Electric to build Canada†s first nuclear power plant called NPD for Nuclear Power Demonstration. In 1962, NPD began supplying the province of Ontario with its first nuclear generated electricity. Ontario had found it†s new source of electricity, and they were not fully aware consequences that would happen after many years of use. Power projects (later AECL CANDU), based in Toronto. Ontario and Montreal, Quebec became responsible for implementing AECL†s nuclear power program and marketing CANDU reactors. Nuclear power was cheap, if you did not have to worry about the waste. This was the answer to Ontario†s power problems, so they invested in the newest source of power at the time. Most people believed that nuclear power was a good change in Ontario†s power structure, and there would be no real problems in the future. Ontario needed a new source of power in the 1950s; they found it in nuclear power and it solved the problem. In the 1950s the average person did not have a lot of knowledge about nuclear energy, and nuclear studies were being held. All people really knew was the positive side of things, the government and research body†s made videos that would try to describe nuclear energy to the public. The videos would talk about how great nuclear power and how abundant nuclear energy was. Making it sound like the answer to all our electric needs. The government and research body kind of jumped around the subject of nuclear waste, and the effects it could have on a human or the environment. The real truths about nuclear energy was not as widely known, and the majority of the people thought that nuclear energy was a positive step in the right direction. Ontario has a huge problem with the build up of nuclear waste, and this waste could have a huge impact on our environment if something were to go wrong. Radioactive mops, rags, clothing, tools, and contaminated equipment such as filters and pressure tubes, are temporality stored in shallow underground containers at the Bruce Nuclear Complex and elsewhere. At Bruce, a radwaste incinerator reduces the volume of combustible radioactive waste materials. In 1975, St. Mary's School in Port Hope was evacuated because of high radiation levels in the cafeteria. It was soon learned that large volumes of radioactive wastes from uranium refining operations had been used as construction material in the school and all over town. Hundreds of homes were contaminated. There are 200 million tons of sand-like uranium tailings in Canada, mostly in Ontario and Saskatchewan. These radioactive wastes will remain hazardous for hundreds of thousands of years. They contain some of the most powerful carcinogens known: radium, radon gas, polonium, thorium and others. Radio-active tailings also result from phosphate ores and other ores rich in uranium. In 1978, an Ontario Royal Commission recommended that a panel of world class ecologists study the long-term problem of radioactive tailings and that the future of nuclear power be assessed in view of their findings. The government has ignored these recommendations. Nuclear waste is biodegradable, but it takes it takes hundreds of thousands of years to do so, which could leave unimaginable results in the future. Lately Ontario†s nuclear power plants have been going threw horrible management, out dated equipment, and nuclear waste build up; resulting in economic breakdown. Ontario†s nuclear plants have not had their equipment greatly updated, which is a big problem that could be costly to fix. When calculated in real 1998 dollars, total federal subsidies to Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) for the last 46 years amount to $15. 8 billion. It should be noted that $15. 8 billion is a real cash subsidy to AECL, and does not include any opportunity cost? What the subsidies would have been worth if the government had invested in more cost competitive ventures. At a rate of 15%, the opportunity cost of government subsidies to AECL is $202 billion. There is also federal financial support for other nuclear activities in progress or impending, including: the Whiteshell Laboratories privatization ($23. 1 million); the MAPLE reactors at Chalk River Laboratories ($120 million); the Canadian Neutron Facility ($400 million); radioactive waste management and decommissioning ($665 million); and reactor exports ($2. 5 billion considered). In Ontario the bad management and the old equipment has lead to major change in the way the plats work. Also this will cost billions of dollars to do. In the long run Ontario†s nuclear do not make the money needed to stay open, with the costs of fixing them and reforming them it would just cost to much, so there is no point in doing so. Ontario has purposed to close down all of there nuclear plants, but they decided that is would be better to keep most of them open. There are much more safer, cleaner, and cheaper ways of producing power. We could invest solar, wind or tide power sources, all of which are safe. Leaving these nuclear plants open is like trying to heal your cut with a knife. Ontario and its people don†t realize that with the build up of nuclear waste, we could be looking into major crises. Many of Ontario Hydro†s problems are monetary in origin. The corporation has had difficulty maintaining its nuclear facilities in accordance with the Atomic Energy Control Board†s safety requirements. Hydro†s restructuring efforts reflect past negligence in preventive, minor, and responsive maintenance. It is now faced with a situation wherein the demand for energy must be met through the means of an increasingly limited resource . . . money. In response to this problem, the energy formerly supplied through nuclear power is being replaced primarily with coal-driven electrical generation. Hydro has implemented a short-term, quick fix solution based on the same practices and assumptions, which originally lead to the failure of Ontario†s nuclear energy program. As of now Ontario stands by its nuclear power and they do not have any current plans to shut down or totally reform these plants. Ontario†s nuclear power plants are a Danger to our environment, the economy, and a danger to the people, us; we should shut down all of these plants and replace them with safer methods.

Chemical Composition of Sterling Silver

Sterling silver is a popular metal for jewelry, silverware, and decorations. Sterling silver is an alloy of silver that consists of 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% of other metal, usually copper. Fine silver (99.9% pure) typically is too soft for practical objects. Alloying with copper maintains the silvery color of the metal while increasing its strength. However, the copper is much more susceptible to oxidation and corrosion, so sterling silver tarnishes more easily than fine silver. Other metals that may be used in sterling silver include zinc, platinum, and germanium. Silicon or boron may be added to improve the properties of the metal. Although these metals and additions may improve the resistance of the sterling silver to firesale and tarnish, most sterling silver is still made using copper.